Scope Of Study And Limitations English Language Essay

Scope Of Study And Limitations English wrangle EssayAt the mention of the term fowl kindlingen up, it is indispensable to assume that it is a colloquial number of chick literature or something more(prenominal) elaborate. Campbell (2006) puts it aptly when she says that we should acknowledge that the very term is demeaning and probably peppered with a tinge of sexism.Chick is a derogatory term for the presumably empty-headed girls or young women who are both the consultations and the readers lit is an ironic reference to the misinterpreted lack of quality writing in the form (p. 487).Most renderings of chick lit outline its characteristics highlight the general p shell out, the illustrations on the coer and its target reference which do not quite explain the genre as a whole or do it any justice. This meditate therefore will habituate the definition describing the genre as heroine-centred narratives written by women that focus on the trials and tribulations of their indi vidual protagonists, to appeal to other women (Kent, 2007 Smith, 2008).Chick lit has been at the brunt of a lot of criticism. According to Razdan (2004), it is wildly successful and that is where the problem lies. Most critics cannot seem to get past the covers in pink or fluorescent green, highlighted with flirty, fashionable accessories like purses or high heels (Ferriss Young, 2006b). However, it does not end there. The major attack is due to it contemplateing postfeminist set through its protagonists, themes and plots.The characters in chick lit are young women with newly tack independence dealing with careers and the demands of urban pop culture (Campbell, 2006). Ferris Young (2006b) describe them as women who commit errors at the workplace, drink excessively at quantify, are pessimistic when it comes to cooking, or are attracted to unsuitable men quite unlike the flawless women of romance fiction. In short, these characters generally embrace or portray postfeminist val ues, acknowledging that feminism has taken place and won them equality but all the same, they do not want to be called feminists because of the indulgences feminism has rejected in the past like romance.When it comes to the themes, disdain their timelessness and universality, they seem to be rubbing people the wrong fashion probably because the lifestyle choices this novels centre around are seen as a perfidy of feminism and its call for equality (Davis-Kahl, 2008). Unfortunately for those who hold this view, the themes addressed in chick lit are claimed to be the copy of sociological truths about womens lives at present (Knowles, 2004). Although this might seem unsettling, Ferriss and Young (2006b) put forth that chick lit focuses on the issues dear to cultural critics heart. It appears that some just refuse to acknowledge that times are a changing.Looking at the plot, Knowles (2004) claims that many variations can be found in the genre itself but the fundamental structure of the main character looking for satisfaction in a romance-consumer-comedic vein usually characterizes writing in these texts. The inevitable fact for this genre is its broader focus on relationships (Davis-Kahl, 2008, p. 5). Almost either novel has a protagonist pining for a man, dealing with issues like weight, self-image, career burnout and other things aprospicient the way once again reflecting these post-feminist values.In her paper, Glasburgh (2006) puts forward five postfeminist characteristics defined by Faludi (1991)1) negative reaction to second wave feminism, 2) focus on the individual instead of a collective sisterhood, 3) desire for more traditional femininity through domesticity, consumerism, romance, and motherhood, 4) female identity crisis causing fears of a man shortage, a loudly ticking biological clock, and career burnout, and 5) feelings of anxiety over ability to make the correct future decisions.Based on content summary on ten chick lit books, she concluded t hat the protagonists generally did reflect characteristics of postfeminism (Glasburgh, 2006, p. 76).These postfeminist characteristics are what critics are debating about. Some feel that chick lit should be taken seriously because it is about the current generation of women while others feel chick lit is force-feeding the current generation with postfeminist values. This study attempts to explore students perspectives on this matter.1.2 Statement of ProblemEven before the existence of chick lit, womens writing has suffered a long history of scoffing (Davis-Kahl, 2008). They reserve been described as frothy, prosy, pious, pedantic (Eliot, 1856, p. 35) and women writers have been referred to as a damned mob of scribbling women (Ticknor, 1913, p. 141). On the 23rd of August, Beryl Bainbridge, then booking agent Prize favourite, called Bridget Joness Diary a froth sort of thing (Davies, 2001), echoing George Elliots words two centuries before. At that point, chick lit had become the ne w form of womens writing which was under attack.This intentional sidelining of womens fiction has been said to stem from sexism. Both men and women place value on different things such as men on sports and women on fashion and as a result, all things associated with men have been viewed as most-valuable while women pursuits have been considered trivial, transcending even into the value fit(p) on books (Woolf, 1929).Chick lit has now been subject to bashing by critics for more than a decade. The most popular claim is that chick lit is force-feeding society with postfeminism values while supporters of the genre claim that chick lit is merely reflecting todays culture. Whether or not chick lit has been affecting culture or the other way round is yet to be seen as not much question has been done in that area. Most certainly, chick lit is a force to be reckoned with based on its soaring popularity.One thing that must be noted in light of this situation is that there has been very litt le research on the area of chick lit in the academic field. Even in the small number of researches that have been conducted, the majority of it focuses on content analysis from romance, feminist and postfeminist perspectives. This study will focus on the students perspectives towards chick lit from a postfeminist approach as opposed to stand alone text analysis.In their courses on classic womens fiction and chick lit, Ferris and Young (2006b) have concluded that students were certain that despite the fascinating cultural issues raised by chick lit novels, they could not quite contend with the work of Jane Austen, the Bronts, Virginia Woolf and Zora Neale Hurston but were unable to state why. This study attempts to go a step further in trying to queer the issues in which students can relate to and understand the reasons behind it.1.3 Purpose of StudyThis study aims to-Find out the perspectives of students towards chick lit in relation to post-feminism. exhibit the reasons behind the se perspectives.1.4 Research Questions1. What are the perspectives of students towards chick lit in relation to post-feminism?2. What are the reasons behind these perspectives?1.5 Significance of StudyThe results of this study will reflect the response of undergraduate students towards chick lit from a postfeminist point of view. It will also explore the reasons behind these perspectives. These results will help to determine whether chick lit should be incorporated into the syllabus to be considered as part of a genre of literature like classic womens fiction.If the reception towards chick lit in light of postfeminism is found to be good, even on a micro-level, it opens up a very viable premise for chick lit to be used as a foundation for teaching literature. Allowing students to utilize materials which they can relate to as a tail of their exploration and providing them with the ability to clarify the plus points as fountainhead as shortcomings of a book or a genre is powerful (D avis-Kahl, 2008).Characteristics of postfeminism have been found to be present in chick lit novels to a certain extent. Therefore, chick lit has been claimed to be the document of a new generation quite unlike the era in which writers like Jane Austen and the Bronte sisters lived in. While it is important to note that cultural, social and geographical factors counts for something, the ability of students to relate to a piece of work does a lot to help discuss its literary value.In fact, these novels have the potential to be used in the classroom to explore the generational differences in feminism, uncover the reasons why classic fiction stand the test of time, and to break an appreciation for the intricate plots, subtle characterizations, memorable language of such works (Ferriss Young, 2006b).Chick lit can be used as a basis for discussions as to the reasons for the significance of womens writing, the changes it has undergone, and the opinions of women in fiction, be it popular o r literary. This evolution that fiction in general and womens fiction has gone through is an area suited of study especially due to its popularity, ease of access and representation of issues that modern women face (Davis-Kahl, 2008, p. 8).Furthermore, chick lit will be viewed as an important representation of modern womens writing, doing this new area of popular womens writing some justice (Ferriss Young, 2006b). This establishment of chick lit as a learning tool or viable area of study in the academic sphere will eventually lead to it being readily available in academic libraries allowing students with stake to gain access to them.1.6 Scope of Study and LimitationsParticipants involved in this research are Year 3 Trimester 2 Bachelor of Arts (Hons) English Language students selected through purposive sampling. This study has a number of limitations. First, the sample may not accurately reflect the opinions of students in general towards chick lit. Secondly, the sample does not contain an equal mix of genders to accurately reflect views towards chick lit. Thirdly, some participants may be unfamiliar with the genre itself and therefore incapable of providing their perspectives towards it. However, a instruct set of definitions are provided in the questionnaire to help respondents to familiarize themselves with the subject area.1.7 Definition of Key TermsChick lit heroine-centred narratives written by women that focus on the trials and tribulations of their individual protagonists, to appeal to other women (Kent, 2007 Smith, 2008).Feminism the belief in the social, political, and economical equality of the sexes (Rowe-Finkbeiner, 2004)Post-feminism A shift away from the feminist idea of needing to right the wrongs of a patriarchal society with regard to women (Faludi, 1991).Post-feminist Backlash Theory The claim that popular culture has been the direct cause of a backlash on feminism, understood as postfeminism, by attempting to blame it for the suppose d misery of women today and calling for a return to a more traditional femininity (Faludi, 1991).1.8 Organization of the ThesisThis study consists of a total of five chapters Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Findings Analysis, and Discussion Conclusion.The first chapter which is the Introduction addresses the background of study, statement of problem, purpose of study, research questions, significance of study, scope of study and limitations, the definition of key terms and the organization of the thesis.The second chapter, Literature Review will outline the history of chick lit, the history of post-feminism, address the five post-feminist characteristics used in this study as well as discuss past researchers study.The third chapter, Methodology will explain the research design, sampling, instruments used for data gathering, the pilot study, procedures as well as the data analysis.The fourth and fifth chapter will present the findings and discuss its significance in r elation to the study as well as provide recommendations for further research respectively.

The success of starbuck

The success of starbuckTerms Of Reference This report was commissioned to examine the mathematical function of the marketing mix and the contri plainlyion of the design function in the success of Starbuck. This report is presented to Dr. Daniel Wade Clarke and the due date is 22nd February 2010. Recommendations ar provided in the end.Procedure Organisations sustain literary works has been used in this report. Online textbook and newspapers has been followed to complete this project report.Nature Of The OrganisationStarbucks Coffee connection is the leading retailer, roaster and brand of specialty coffee in the world, with to a greater extent than 15,000 retail locations in North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East and the Pacific Rim wheresoever there is a demand for great coffee.In 1970 the rootage Starbucks was open. The name jazzs from Herman Melvilles Moby Dick, a classic Ameri fuck novel about the 19th century whaling industry. The seafaring name seems appro priate for a store that imports the worlds finest coffees to the cold, thirsty populate of Seattle. In May 1998, Starbucks successfully entered the European market by means of its acquisition of 65 Seattle Coffee Company stores in the UK. The two companies shared a super acid culture, focussing on a great commitment to customised coffee, similar company values and a mutual respect for people and the environment. (Source www.starbucks.co.uk )merchandising Mix And NPDs resemblance To Starbucks?The marketing mix concept is one of the impression concepts of marketing theory. tally to Rafiq and Ahmed (1995, p.4) that in recent years, the popular version of this concept McCarthys (1964) 4Ps ( fruit, price, promotion and place) has increasingly shape up under attack in different marketing contexts. Because 4Ps do not take sufficient account of people, process and physical induction in divine service marketing. In particular Booms and Biters (1981) extension of the 4Ps framework to include process, physical evidence and participants, has gained widespread acceptance in the services marketing literature. Further more than Jobber (2004, p.21) adds to this In services ,people often are the service itself the process or how the service is delivered to the customer is usually a key part of the service, and the physical evidence should be considered as a separate element in the services marketing mix. Nevertheless, there is no absolute reason why these extensions cannot be incarnate within the 4Ps framework.The elements of the marketing mix are the followings(1) Product(2) Price(3) Place(4) Promotion(5) People(6) Processes(7) forcible EvidenceProduct The Product decision involves deciding what goods or services should be offered to a group of customers. Brassington and Pettitt (2003, p.25) state that it is about not only what to make, but when to make it, how to make it, and how to ensure that it has a keen-sighted and profitable life. Clearly produce is the c lassical element any company lead needs to consider out found features/ benefits, branding, packing and later-sales service after its development. Coffee is at the heart of Starbucks history. Starbucks sample coffees from around the world more than 150,000 cups a year. Coffee is the core product of Starbucks as defined by Brassington and Pettitt (2003, p.268) core product represents the heart of the product, the main reason for its existence and purchase. It is coffee which provides the functional or psychological definition of Starbucks towards its customers.Below is the diagram of Strategic gormandise model, which is effective in marketing planning. Starbucks is using two marketing strategies towards their products.First one is Product development and second is Market development. According to Jobber (2004, p.47) that product development involves improving current products or developing new products for current markets. As we know Starbucks offer convenience and non durable p roducts in the form of coffee, when it comes to product development they are continuously differentiating their product (coffee) in the form of mild, smooth and bold categories, which increases their product line although their core product is the rattling(prenominal). Starbucks also offer switch and gifts and fresh fare just to increase their product range or product mix for the competitive market. This type of newness can be called new to the company, a significant intromission for the market. Furthermore Jobber (2004, p.47) also explains market development when current products are sold in new markets. This may involve abject into new geographical markets, as Starbucks has done moving into European market segments. But sometimes these strategies can be pricey for example they withstand shared out their coffee into three categories and they are getting their product from different regions which can be more costly accordingly the product itself. Guardian (18th February 20 09) reported that in the second half of 2008 Britain and the US fell into recession because of the credit c staych, but that so many other(a) countries tumbled in even quicker. Germanys economy contracted by 2.1% in the ivth quarter of year 2008, Italys by 1.8%, Britains by 1.5% and Frances by 1.2%. All are significant, the worst for decades and worse than the USs 0.9% fall in the same period.Starbucks seems to a great extent exposed in countries such as Britain and the US, where consumer confidence and spending have shrivelled. But it also has plenty of stores across mainland Europe so no inquiry they have experienced a cooling off in demand as cash-strapped consumers opts for cheaper drinks.PriceBrassington and Pettitt (2003, p.392) explains price in a more interesting commission according to them price might seem to be the least complicated and perhaps the least interesting element of the marketing mix, not having the tangibility of the product, the witch of advertize of t he atmosphere of retailing. Price however, play a very important role in the lives of both marketers and customers, and deserves as much strategic friendship as any other marketing tool because of it company receives some units for the actual product or service which is being marketed.Starbucks main competitors are rib coffee and Caffe Nero to compete with them Starbucks applies competition based pricing strategy. According to Brassington and Pettitt (2003, p.452) its very dangerous setting prices without knowing what is happening in the market, particularly with respect to ones competitors. at that place are two aspect of competition that influence an organisations pricing. The graduation exercise is the structure of the market and the second is products perceived value in the market. When a product is more differentiated then its competitors product the more autonomy the organisation has in pricing it. Hence Starbucks has a range of different product they have little(a) advant age everyplace their competitors and for that reason buyers come to value its unique benefits.However sometimes setting a mettlesome price then your competitors is not a good tactics. According to Times (24th July 2008) Starbucks is peddling the worst coffee at the highest prices according to a survey of the big three coffee houses on Britains high streets. The Which? Magazine survey that choosing the worlds largest coffee chain (Starbucks) instead of an independent shop for your cappuccino three mornings a week will cost you 126 a year.Coffee Prices Starbucks ordinary cappuccino 2.29 single espresso 1.40Costa Coffee Medium cappuccino 2.27 single espresso 1.33Caffe Nero Medium cappuccino 1.80 single espresso 1.25Clearly setting high prices will not only effect Starbucks opinion in the market but also it will result a down turn in the demand curve. In another example The commentator (18th October 2009) reveals that at Starbucks, a slice of chocolate cake costs 2.30 and a small E nglish breakfast tea is 1.40. But a pack of four cupcakes costs 2.99 from Marks Spencer and a box of 80 Fairtrade Extra Strong tea bags is 1.89. So clearly it is not only the core product which is valuable but also the other product range as well.Place According to Jobber (2004, p.634) product need to e available in adapted quantities, in convenient locations and at times when customers want to buy them. Producing products that customers want, pricing them correctly and after that made them available, is necessary for any business. But for that accurate expect strategy is very important for any business. Starbucks has their own of distribution channel. A channel of distribution is very important element. All products whether they are consumer, industrial goods or services require a channel of distribution. Starbucks apply consumer channel strategy in which manufacturers have a direct contact to consumer. According to Jobber (2004, p.637) producer use this strategy to cut out th e distribution profit margin. The consumer and manufacturer deal directly with each other. Direct selling is more effective then involvement of a distributor. The following present direct supply channel or producer direct to consumer.Starbucks has more than 15,000 retail locations in North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East and the Pacific Rim. Starbucks has coffee stores in every part of the UK. Guardian (21st January 2010) reveals that Starbucks UK management reckons that the chain will end the year 2010 back higher up 700 stores compare to its current 661 stores. However intensive distribution of the product (Starbucks stores) is not a good strategy because Starbucks has to compete in all sorts of markets in the same time, which is very costly in the current economic climate. The second most important thing, which is Starbuck lacking, is the certifyes. According to Brassington and Pettitt (2003, p.473) A franchisee holds a contract to supply and market a product or service to the design or blueprint of the franchisor (the owner or originator of the product or service). Starbucks want to expand their business in the whole word a franchisee will be best available solution for them. McDonalds is an indication of the level of detail covered by a franchise agreement then why Starbucks are not following the same path as their other companies are following. National or regional advertising in addition to any undertaken by the franchisee can play an important role in building a stronger system brand identity.Promotion According to Jobber (2004, p.18) promotional mix involve advertising, personal selling, sales promotions, public relations, direct marketing, and internet and online promotion. By which we can easily made aware the charge audience of the existence of a product or service, and the benefits it confers to the customers. Marketing communication is a very important element no organisation can chip in either the financial or reputational da mage caused by poorly planned or implemented communication campaigns. Starbucks use all of the promotional mix ingredients to buttocks their audience they made good use of internet and online promotion. They target their audience through social networking website such as FaceBook and Twitter. They also use YouTube for their promotion and other social campaigns. Starbucks is also using social and cultural aspect of the environment for their sale promotions and public relations. Brassington and Pettitt (2003, p.587) explains that Social and cultural aspects of the environment will mostly have an impact on the message element of communication. According to Guardian (2nd September 2009) Starbucks has launched a multimillion-pound ad campaign promoting its ethical values as it makes the gigantic majority of its UK coffee Fairtrade. Clearly they are using a social issue to make public relation with their target audience, and also Shared planet (Guardian 2008) the Starbucks initiative l aunched in year 2008. Its a collection of goals, by 2015 they promise to have all their coffee ethically sourced and all their cups recyclable.Starbucks is using these issues to defend their selves against the environmental campaigners. According to Guardian (2nd September 2009) at Starbucks millions of litres of water are wasted in its coffee shops every day, contradicting its much-boasted green credentials. An investigation by the Sun revealed that over 23.4m litres of water are poured down the drains of 10,000 outlets worldwide due to a policy of keeping a tap running non-stop Which is totally unfair because on oneside Starbucks run its campaign to save the earth and on the other side they are doing things which are against their campaign.People Brassington and Pettitt (2003, p.28) describes that services often depends on people to perform them, creating and delivering the product as the customer waits. It is dependent upon people and interaction between people. Rafiq and Ahmed ( 1995, p.7) adds that Marketing managers therefore need to manage not only the service provider-customer interface but also the actions of other customers. For example, the upshot, type and behaviour of people will partly determine the enjoyment of a meal at a Starbucks coffee store. whence observation of everything in the surrounding of stores environment is very important for any organisations. Especially it is more important for Starbucks because they are their own producer and retailer so anything lacking in the consumer attraction can easily put a bad image on Starbucks brand name. If there is any need for training it will be the best solution for getting service delivery from employees.Processes Processes are all the administrative and bureaucratic functions of the organisation. In the process mechanisms there are flows of activities by which services are acquired. Marketers, therefore, have to ensure that customers understand the process of acquiring a service (Rafiq and Ahm ed, 1995, p.7). Performance of the product can be free from the customer but on the other hand, the customer cannot be separated from an experience good. Therefore his degree of involvement in the process of interaction is unendingly high towards the final product (Moorthi, 2002, p.266). Adding to this by Brassington and Pettitt (2003, p.28) marketer also has to think carefully about how the service is delivered, and what quality controls can be built in so that the customer can be confident that they know what to expect each time they consume the service product.In Starbucks there are number of process mechanisms, which involve customer serving, telephonic customer services, online shopping, and Starbucks reward card. Well designed processes are needed as the service is delivered to ensure that the customer gets through with minimum fuss and delay and that all elements of the services are properly delivered. Process is all about quality melioration of any service which Starbucks provide.Physical Evidence Physical evidence in the Booms and Bitner framework refers to the environment in which the service is delivered and any tangible goods that facilitate the performance and communication of the service. Physical evidence is important because customers use tangible clues to assess the quality of service provided (Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995, p.7). The physical environment itself is instrumental in customers assessment of the quality and level of service they can expect, for example in Starbucks stores. In fact, the physical environment is part of the product itself. The need for offering physical evidence is high. In the case of Starbucks the intangible (Service delivery) comes first and the tangible (final product coffee) later. Newness of the environment (Starbucks Stores) can also have a positive effect on customers purchase decision. Starbucks announcement to redesign its stores in UK will put a positive effect on their brand name as well as their customer invo lvement (Guardian October 2009).ConclusionStarbucks Coffee Company is the leading retailer, roaster and brand of specialty coffee in the world, with more than 15,000 retail locations in North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East and the Pacific Rim wherever there is a demand for great coffee.Starbucks exclusively divided their product in to three categories, which increases their product line, Starbucks also offer merchandise and gifts and fresh food just to increase their product range or product mix for the competitive market. This type of newness can be called new to the company, a significant innovation for the market. Starbucks is also involved into new geographical markets, as Starbucks has done in Europe moving into new market segments. But sometimes these strategies can be costly.Starbucks apply competition based pricing strategy. Hence Starbucks has a range of different product they have slight advantage over their competitors and for that reason buyers come to value its unique benefits. Starbucks is peddling the worst coffee at the highest prices according to a survey of the big three coffee houses on Britains high streets. Starbucks has their own of distribution channel. However intensive distribution of the product (Starbucks stores) is not a good strategy because Starbucks has to compete in all sorts of markets in the same time, which is very costly in the current economic climate. National or regional advertising in addition to any undertaken by the franchisee can play an important role in building a stronger system brand identity.Starbucks use all of the promotional mix ingredients to target their audience they made good use of internet and online promotion. Starbucks is also using social and cultural aspect of the environment for their sale promotions and public relations. Starbucks is using these issues to defend their selves against the environmental campaigners. Starbucks needs to focus on their because they are their own produce r and retailer so anything lacking in the consumer attraction can easily put a bad image on Starbucks brand name. If there is any need for training it will be the best solution for getting service delivery from employees. Starbucks needs continuous improvement of their processes mechanism. Physical evidence is important because customers use tangible clues to assess the quality of service provided. Starbucks announcement to redesign its stores in UK is good strategy which will put a positive effect on their brand name as well as their customer involvement.ReferencesBooms, B.H. and Bitner, M.J. (1981), Marketing strategies and organization structures for service firms, in Donnelly, J.H. and George, W.R. (Eds), Marketing of Services, American Marketing Association, Chicago, IL, pp. 47-51 Accessed 20/02/2010Brassington, F. and Pettitt, S. (2003) Principles and Practice of Marketing 3rd Edition Pearson Education Limited Accessed 17/02/2010Jobber, D. (2004) Principles and Practice of Mar keting 4th Edition McGraw-Hill world-wide (UK) Limited Accessed 17/02/2010Kotler, P. (2003) Marketing Management 11th Edition Pearson Education Limited Accessed 17/02/2010Moorthi, Y.L.R. (2002), An approach to branding services, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol.16 (3), pp.259-274 Accessed 21/02/2010Rafiq, M. and Ahmed, P.K. (1995), Using the 7Ps as a generic marketing mix an exploratory survey of UK and European marketing academics, Marketing Intelligence Planning, Vol. 13 (9), pp. 4-15 Accessed 17/02/2010The layer of Starbucks online http//starbucks.co.uk/en-GB/_About+Starbucks/Accessed 15/02/10Times Online, (24th January 2008) Best coffee on high street? Not Starbucks by Nico Hines on-line http//www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article3245914.eceAccessed 18/02/2010The Guardian, (6th October 2008) Starbucks wastes millions of litres of water a day by Angela Balakrishnan on-linehttp//www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/oct/06/water.droughtAccessed 18/02/2010The Guardian, (5th October 2 008) Starbucks to redesign shops on-linehttp//www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2009/sep/18/starbucks-rebrand-branding-coffeeAccessed 18/02/2010The Guardian, (November 2008) Regular or decaf ? America decides on-linehttp//www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2008/nov/04/foodanddrink1Accessed 18/02/2010The Guardian, (18th February 2009) Starbucks row Its off the boil almost everywhere by Ashley Seager on-linehttp//www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/feb/18/starbucks-britain-failing-economyAccessed 18/02/2010The Guardian, (2nd September 2009) Starbucks ads trumpet Fairtrade move by Mark Sweney on-linehttp//www.guardian.co.uk/media/2009/sep/02/starbucks-fairtrade-advertisingAccessed 18/02/2010The Observer, (18th October 2009) Dinner party too costly ? Let them eat cake by Huma Qureshi on-linehttp//www.guardian.co.uk/money/2009/oct/19/dinner-party-costly-eat-cakeAccessed 18/02/2010The Guardian, (21st January 2010) Starbucks legend delivers recovery by thinking smaller by David Teather on-linehttp//www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/jan/21/starbucks-howard-schultzAccessed 18/02/2010

shakespeare :: essays research papers

Nobody knows Shakespe ars true birthday. The closest we can come is the date of his baptism on April the 26th, 1564. By customs duty and guesswork, William is assumed to have been natural three days earlier on April the 23rd, a date now commonly used to celebrate the famous Bards birthday.Shakespeare invented the tidings "assassination".There are only two authentic portraits of William today the widely used engraving of William Shakespeare by Martin Droeshout first published on the human action page of the 1623 First pagination and the monument of the great playwright in Stratfords Holy Trinity Church in Stratford.William married a woman or so twice his age. Anne Hathaway was 26 historic period old when William married her at age 18. They married at Temple Grafton, a village approximately five miles (8 km) from Stratford. Anne Hathaway was say to be from Shottery.Shakespeare and wife had eight children, including daughter Susanna, twins Hamnet, Judith, and Edmund. Su sanna received most of the Bards fortune when he died in 1616, age 52. Hamnet died at age 11, Judith at 77. Susanna dies in 1649, age 66.http//www.absoluteshakespeare.com/trivia/facts/facts.htmNobody knows Shakespeares true birthday. The closest we can come is the date of his baptism on April the 26th, 1564. By tradition and guesswork, William is assumed to have been born three days earlier on April the 23rd, a date now commonly used to celebrate the famous Bards birthday.Shakespeare invented the word "assassination".There are only two authentic portraits of William today the widely used engraving of William Shakespeare by Martin Droeshout first published on the title page of the 1623 First Folio and the monument of the great playwright in Stratfords Holy Trinity Church in Stratford.William married a woman nearly twice his age. Anne Hathaway was 26 years old when William married her at age 18.

Constitutional Convention: Day by Day Occurrences :: Government Essays

Constitutional Convention Day by Day Occurrences whitethorn 29, 1787 After these few unforesightful days of the chemical formula here in Philadelphia, Irealized that it would be important to keep personal records of thisconvention to dish in future discussion. This forget also help me withremembering details of the events. Today the Virginia Plan was presented by that states delegates.They proposed a series of many resolutions that seemed well theory out tome. The plan was pen by James Madison but was given to us by EdmundRandolph who was a very effective speaker and spend a penny orator. I enjoyed listening to the resolutions and the fresh new ideas I heardin the Virginia Plan. First, the Virginia Plan recommended a bicamerallegislature with representation to be determined by the size of thepopulation in each bea. The lower body of this legislature would be elect by voters while the upper house would be elected by the members ofthe lower house. ever y(prenominal) night the delegates go down to the taverns at Head House Squareand discuss what they have heard. I will argument with them the notionswhich we have been privy to. adept of my personal goals of this conventionis to twaddle freely with Ben Franklin about his ideas about government. Mr.Franklin has traveled widely and has seen many nations. He is old and noveland I want to talk to him before he passes away. Right now he is at theage of 81, I think. May 31 Recently the convention has become vexatious. The summers in thistowne are very humid. We are forced to keep the window open everywhere.Flies are about at all quantify and it is hard to concentrate. Also, some ofthe discussions at this convention are sluggish and tiresome. One good thing about the weather is that it has given me time toreflect on the Virginia Plan proposed a few day ago. The one point I disagree with regarding the Virginia Plan is that itgives more power to all the states wit h higher population, thus heavy(p) thesmaller states no voice. June 3 It is a shame that Tom Jefferson, Mr. Madisons Virginia neighbor, isConstitutional Convention Day by Day Occurrences Government EssaysConstitutional Convention Day by Day Occurrences May 29, 1787 After these few short days of the convention here in Philadelphia, Irealized that it would be important to keep personal records of thisconvention to assist in future discussion. This will also help me withremembering details of the events. Today the Virginia Plan was presented by that states delegates.They proposed a series of many resolutions that seemed well thought out tome. The plan was written by James Madison but was given to us by EdmundRandolph who was a very effective speaker and clear orator. I enjoyed listening to the resolutions and the fresh new ideas I heardin the Virginia Plan. First, the Virginia Plan recommended a bicamerallegislature with representation to be determined by the size of thepopulation in each area. The lower body of this legislature would beelected by voters while the upper house would be elected by the members ofthe lower house. Every night the delegates go down to the taverns at Head House Squareand discuss what they have heard. I will debate with them the notionswhich we have been privy to. One of my personal goals of this conventionis to talk freely with Ben Franklin about his ideas about government. Mr.Franklin has traveled widely and has seen many nations. He is old and wiseand I want to talk to him before he passes away. Right now he is at theage of 81, I think. May 31 Recently the convention has become vexatious. The summers in thistowne are very humid. We are forced to keep the window open everywhere.Flies are about at all times and it is hard to concentrate. Also, some ofthe discussions at this convention are sluggish and tiresome. One good thing about the weather is that it has given me time toreflect on the Virginia Plan proposed a few day ago. The one point I disagree with regarding the Virginia Plan is that itgives more power to all the states with higher population, thus giving thesmaller states no voice. June 3 It is a shame that Tom Jefferson, Mr. Madisons Virginia neighbor, is

Epic of Beowulf Essay - Shields in the Epic Poem, Beowulf

Shields in the poem Beowulf Shields, a defensive weapon menti aned in the poem Beowulf, include a variety of compositions from wood to iron and this is entirely in accord with archaeological finds. There are a considerable number of references to shields in the poem, making this topic a very relevant one to consider. Weapons could be heirlooms, and royal treasuries and armories still preserve arms and weapons from earlier days, so imagination in this area need not be confined to coetaneous artifacts (304), says Catherine M. Hills in Beowulf and Archaeology. Before turning to the archaeological evidence, lets look at the Beowulf poem, where one finds copious references to shields. As Beowulf and his party approach the Danish state of matter From high on a wall the Scylding watcher whose duty it was to guard the sea-cliffs saw glinting shield-bosses passed hand to hand down the gangplank, an armys war-gear (229-32) The Scylding watchman is still talking Never mo re openly have warriors landed when carrying shields, and you have no leave from our men of battle, agreement with kinsmen (244-6) Beowulf explains to the ship-guard We come with good nitty-gritty to the land of the Danes, to seek out your lord, the son of Healfdene, shield of the people (267-9) By the time the Geats arrived at Heorot, they were tired and had to sit down The sea-weary men set their handsome shields, spell-hardened rims, against the high wall, eased down on benches (325-27) ... ... the Sutton Hoo ShipBurial. In Beowulf The Donaldson Translation, change by Joseph F. Tuso. New York, W.W.Norton and Co. 1975 Chickering, Howell D.. Beowulf A dual-Language Edition. New York Anchor Books, 1977. Clark, George. Beowulf. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1990. Cramp, Rosemary. Beowulf and Archaeology. In TheBeowulf Poet, edited by Donald K. Fry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Hills, Catherine M. Beowulf and Archaeology. In A Beowul f Handbook, edited by Robert Bjork and John D. Niles. Lincoln, Nebraska Uiversity of Nebraska Press, 1997. Shields. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. New York Columbia University Press, 2000. www.bartleby.com/65/. Stanley, E.G.. Beowulf. In The Beowulf Reader, edited by Peter S. Baker. New York Garland Publishing, 2000.

Sambia And Hutterite Societal Threats :: essays research papers

Threats are everywhere. Every community in the world faces whatever sort of threats from time to time. These threats flock be large or sm all(prenominal), can come from inside or outside of the colony, and can have devastating pee-pee on the group as a whole or as individuals. Quite often, parallels can be drawn between societies that have nothing to everything in commons. This is found when comparing two dramatically different groups in the Sambia and the Hutterites.When first comparing the Hutterites and Sambia, one notices the glaring differences. The Sambia are a tribe living in the jungles of New Guinea. The Hutterites are a group that lives communally on large farm areas. The Sambia live what looks to most an uncivilized and savage way of life. The Hutterites live in established communities with many modern conveniences. The Sambia is a black tribe, while Hutterites are white. After these obvious differences, it is hard to imagine that there would be anything in common be tween the two groups. Looking deeper into the groups, it is easy to find several instances where they have very similar societal threats. both the Sambia and Hutterite groups face threats from inside their communities. These internal threats can be very minor to something that might tear the group apart. One example of an internal threat comes from the sex differences that exist in each group. Both the Sambia and Hutterites have specific male and female gender roles. The Sambia men are the warriors, leaders and hunters. The women cook, raise children and gather certain crops. In the Hutterite community, the men are farmers, both group and spiritual leaders, and top of the hierarchical ladder. The women have the household duties of cleaning, cooking, child rearing and clothes making. There is no deviation from these distinct gender roles. In both societies, women are seen as being beneath the men and having to follow the orders of men.In both of these groups, the women marry in from an outside group. The women come into the home of the husband, with all of his family and friends surrounding them. She does not know anyone there, and must start anew. This and the distinct gender roles lead to male and female subcultures. The Sambia women do not understand the mens rituals, make fun of them and do not share in the joy they receive from the process.

Comparison of the Use of Nature by Shelley and Wordsworth Essay

Both Shelley, in Ode to the West Wind, and Wordsworth, in Intimations of Immortality, are very similar in their use of temper to describe the life and finale of the human spirit. As they both describe character these two poets use the comparison of how the Earth and all its life is the equivalent as our own human life. I feel that Shelley uses the seasons as a air of portraying the human life during reincarnation. Wordsworth seems to concentrate more on the stages that a person goes through during life. Shelley compares himself to such things as clouds, leaves, and waves. He is writing the poem as if he were an object of the earth, and what it is like to once live and then break down only to be reborn. On the other hand, Wordsworth takes images like meadows, fields, and birds and uses them to show what go ons him life. Life being what ever a person needs to move on, and with out those objects cant rescue life. Wordsworth does not compare himself to these things like Shelley, but instead uses them as an example of how he feels about the stages of living. Starting from an infant to a young boy into a man, a man who knows wipeout is coming and can do nothing about it because its part of life.When a man becomes old and has nothing to seem front to he will al guidances verbalism suffer, jeopardize to what are called the dandy old days. These days were full of young innocence, and no worries. Wordsworth describes these childishness days by saying that A single Field which I create looked upon, / Both of them speak of something that is gone The Pansy at my feet Doth the comparable tale repeat Whither is fled the verbose gleam? Where is it now, the glory and the dream?(190) Another example of how Wordsworth uses nature as a way of dwelling on his past childhood experiences is when he writes O joy That in our embers / Is something that doth live, / That nature yet remembers / What was so fugitive (192) Here an ember represents our fading years throug h life and nature is remembering the childhood that has escaped over the years. As far as Wordsworth and his moods go I think he is very touched by nature. I can video him seeing life and feeling it in every flower, ant, and piece of grass that crosses his path. The emotion he feels is strongly suggested in this line To me the meanest flower that blows can contribute / Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears. (193) Not only is this showi... ...d of this poem Shelley asks, If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind? (678) instanter I wonder if this is just another line emphasizing rebirth and the similarities between the seasons. Or is Shelley saying this because he is getting the sense that the closer he gets to death the more he questions whether rebirth is real.So after close examination of both these pieces of literature I feel that the differences between these two poets is that Wordsworth looks back on how life was and Shelley wonders whats after death. I would have to say that theyre very similar in the way that they use nature as a way of portraying human life. The use of how nature affects them and their love for nature brings me to that conclusion. So what makes these pieces so powerful? Really its not the reasoning between life and death its the comparison of how other living things on Earth that we take for granted are similar to us as a human race. When these two poets look at a flower or a sunset they see more than just a pretty flower or a pulchritudinous sunset they see what life is made up of, which is wonderful at times and ugly at other times. Like the saying goes you cant have neat without evil. Comparison of the Use of Nature by Shelley and Wordsworth Essay Both Shelley, in Ode to the West Wind, and Wordsworth, in Intimations of Immortality, are very similar in their use of nature to describe the life and death of the human spirit. As they both describe nature these two poets use the comparison of how the Earth an d all its life is the same as our own human life. I feel that Shelley uses the seasons as a way of portraying the human life during reincarnation. Wordsworth seems to concentrate more on the stages that a person goes through during life. Shelley compares himself to such things as clouds, leaves, and waves. He is writing the poem as if he were an object of the earth, and what it is like to once live and then choke only to be reborn. On the other hand, Wordsworth takes images like meadows, fields, and birds and uses them to show what gives him life. Life being what ever a person needs to move on, and with out those objects cant have life. Wordsworth does not compare himself to these things like Shelley, but instead uses them as an example of how he feels about the stages of living. Starting from an infant to a young boy into a man, a man who knows death is coming and can do nothing about it because its part of life.When a man becomes old and has nothing to look prior to he will alwa ys look back, back to what are called the good old days. These days were full of young innocence, and no worries. Wordsworth describes these childhood days by saying that A single Field which I have looked upon, / Both of them speak of something that is gone The Pansy at my feet Doth the same tale repeat Whither is fled the utopian gleam? Where is it now, the glory and the dream?(190) Another example of how Wordsworth uses nature as a way of dwelling on his past childhood experiences is when he writes O joy That in our embers / Is something that doth live, / That nature yet remembers / What was so fugitive (192) Here an ember represents our fading years through life and nature is remembering the childhood that has escaped over the years. As far as Wordsworth and his moods go I think he is very touched by nature. I can aspect him seeing life and feeling it in every flower, ant, and piece of grass that crosses his path. The emotion he feels is strongly suggested in this line To me t he meanest flower that blows can give / Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears. (193) Not only is this showi... ...d of this poem Shelley asks, If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind? (678) straightaway I wonder if this is just another line emphasizing rebirth and the similarities between the seasons. Or is Shelley saying this because he is getting the sense that the closer he gets to death the more he questions whether rebirth is real.So after close examination of both these pieces of literature I feel that the differences between these two poets is that Wordsworth looks back on how life was and Shelley wonders whats after death. I would have to say that theyre very similar in the way that they use nature as a way of portraying human life. The use of how nature affects them and their love for nature brings me to that conclusion. So what makes these pieces so powerful? Really its not the reasoning between life and death its the comparison of how other living things on Ea rth that we take for granted are similar to us as a human race. When these two poets look at a flower or a sunset they see more than just a pretty flower or a pulchritudinous sunset they see what life is made up of, which is wonderful at times and ugly at other times. Like the saying goes you cant have good without evil.